Leonard Peterson - KIA 25th November 1915

Ok young Lennie, tell me why you did it?

Lennie Peterson joined the AIF in January 1915 and promptly changed his name to Peter Palmer.

Why?

He was born in Cheltenham, he was 25 years of age and his parents were Swedish, so cannot see why he would have any reason to change his name. 

But he did.

Lets go back aways, back to his parents so you have some background on young Lennie.

Frederick Adolph Peterson was born in February 1854 in a small village called Turinge, in Sodermanland, Sweden, SW of Stockholm as seen in the image below.

In October 1875 he sailed into Melbourne on board the 44 ton schooner the "Black Hawk" after departing New York some two months earlier.

By the time he was 31 years old, he had met and married 20 year old Emma Butler.  Adolph and Emma went on to have eleven children, with six of them dying before they had reached the age of 10.

One of the eleven children was named Leonard Peterson.

Leonard was born in November 1889 at home in Cheltenham. By the time he was 24 years old, The Great War had commenced and it did not take him long to "sign up" for the AIF.

Lennie enlisted in Melbourne on 29th January 1915 under the name of PETER PALMER with a service number of 722. He was allocated to the 21st Battalion / 6th Brigade. He listed his mother - Mrs E. Peterson - as his 'next of kin'.

a selection of the AIF papers belonging to Peter Palmer.

The 21st Battalion was raised, as part of the 6th Brigade, at Broadmeadows in Victoria in February 1915. Its recruits hailed from all over the state. The later enlistment of these men, and their average age of 29, would seem to indicate a more considered decision to enlist that set them apart from those who did so amidst the heady enthusiasm of late 1914.

Lennie, or Peter as he was known, did his training at Broadmeadows camp for the next three months and on 8th May 1915 the Battalion left Broadmeadows camp  at 11am and proceeded by train to Melbourne. The Battalion boarded the HMAT Ulysses (15,000 tons) at 4.30pm and sailed at 8pm on the same day.

Embarkation was quietly carried out. There was no fanfare of trumpets, and that night they slipped from the pier down the bay in company with the "Euripides" which carried the 23rd and 24th Battalions.

image above right is of the HMAT Ulysses in port at Port Melbourne, left image is 'at sea'.

"On arrival at Alexandria, at 2 pm on 8th June, most of the troops took French leave for the evening. Next day we entrained for Helmieh Siding, thence we marched to the Aerodrome Camp, Heliopolis, which was our home for the next three months".


From 12th to 23rd August "C" Company garrisoned the Cairo Citadel, the other three companies, Kasr-el-Nil and Bab-el-Hadid Barracks in the city it self. They were the first Australian troops to act as garrison in Cairo.

By the 29th August they had returned to Heliopis & absorbed the 1st & 2nd reinforcements, which brought them to full strength, on 29th Aug entrained at Helmieh Siding, fully trained Aust.unit ready to take their place beside the 1st Div. which had already made its name on Gallipoli.

The following day - 30th August - they embarked at Alexandria on board the "Southland", but two days later they were very much taken by surprise when the transport was torpedoed off the Island of Stratae, near Mudros Bay at 9.50am.

above image:
on right is the transport ship 'SOUTHLAND' which was torpedoed while
conveying Australian & New Zealand Troops to Gallipoli.
on left is the 21st Bn after the torpedo attack.

The "Southland" then, under her own power was beached in Mudrus Harbour about 7 pm. All the small boats were picked up by 3.30 pm and the Battalion was reorganised and refitted on board the "Transylvania" at Mudros. We transshipped to the transport "Abassieh" on the evening of 6th September and were landed at ANZAC Cove before midnight. Next day we took over the line which was to be our home for three and a half months.

various images of ANZAC COVE in 1915

Between 24 & 27 November, the troops at Anzac Cove were ordered not to fire on the Turks unless they were attacked or threatened. This so-called ‘Silent Stunt’ was to help deceive the enemy into thinking that a silence did not necessarily mean withdrawal.

On 25th November 1915, Leonard Peterson was killed in action at Gallipoli and is buried at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery. Just 10 months after he enlisted in the Australian Army.

image above shows Shrapnel Valley Cemetery
and the location of where Leonard Peterson is buried.

Leonard Peterson's name is located at panel 94 in the
Commemorative Area of the Australian War Memorial
in Canberra, ACT, Australia.

above image shows some of the paperwork between the Australian Defence Department
and the family of Leonard Peterson, in particular his sister
Winifred Violet Stanley (nee Peterson)

memorial notice in the Melbourne Argus newspaper.

May he and his comrades forever 

rest in peace in the valley at Anzac Cove.

LEST WE FORGET
with grateful thanks to the Australian War Memorial and the Australian National Archives for the information they provide on their websites and for which I have used most images and data in the above blog post.

as a side note, it was in April 1918,
Leonard Peterson's father - Adolph Peterson - became a naturalized Australian.

other posts on family members that enlisted in the AIF

• Arthur Joseph WEIR

  Arthur Geraldton HIGGS

• Ernest Cockbill KENDRICK

• Nelson Wesley Eustace BARWISE

• John Russell PATTERSON

• Edward Harold ARTSO

• Raymond Everard BARTRAM

• Arnold Roy BARTRAM

• Reginald Percy BARTRAM

• James Herbert CLEGG

• Carl Walter DALITZ

• Heinrich Charles DALITZ

• Friedrich Wilhelm DALITZ

• Alwin Clarence DALITZ

• Gabriel William John DELANEY

• Leslie Norman KRAUSE

• Charles Richard Le BRUN

• William Murdoch Le BRUN

• Ernest Lister ROBERTS (1)

• Ernest Lister ROBERTS (2)

• Ernest Lister ROBERTS (3)

• William Gordon TUCKER

  Arnold Henry RALPH

• 
  

• Rationing of clothing during WW2

• Food Rationing during WW2

• The loss of the HMAS CENTAUR

• 
  
  

  Roll of Honour name projection - July 2014

  Leonard Peterson's name will be projected onto the exterior of the Hall of Memory at the AWM in Canberra on:
  
  
• Sun 14 September, 2014 at 4:00 am
• Mon 3 November, 2014 at 3:01 am
• Sat 27 December, 2014 at 9:05 pm
• Thu 19 February, 2015 at 5:29 am
• Thu 9 April, 2015 at 6:11 am
• Thu 21 May, 2015 at 3:56 am
• Sun 28 June, 2015 at 11:32 pm
• Thu 6 August, 2015 at 3:39 am

These dates and times are estimates. The actual time of projection could change as a result of weather and other factors, so it is advisable to check closer to the date. In the rare event of a temporary loss of electrical power, the names scheduled for display in that period will not appear until the next time listed.

Sturt Street Walking Trail in Ballarat

Sturt Street, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.Sturt Street is Ballarat's main thoroughfare and much of its original architecture remains, with prime corner sites reserved for churches and public buildings.

Some of the buildings of note include the impressive Town Hall (1859), the Ballarat Mechanics Institute (1859) and the old Post Office Building (1864).

The street is also lined with historic monuments and statues.

Boer War Memorial

This poignant memorial commemorates the soldiers who took part in the Boer War in South Africa between 1899 and 1902. The construction of the bronze statue was approved in 1900 and the foundation stone laid a year later. The statue was relocated to the present site and unveiled by Governor General Baron Northcote in November 1906.

There is a booklet available through Ballarat Regional Tourism titled "Ballarat Heritage Walking Trails" and in this booklet is a section on the Sturt Street Statue Walking Trail. It is well worth getting hold of a copy.  Most of the information written here about each of the monuments or statues came directly from that booklet.

special thanks to Phillip Hunting who brought the history to life as he acted out the accounts of a 15th Brigade soldier in front of the Pompey Elliot Statue as part of the Military History Tour of Ballarat held by the "Friends of the Shrine of Remembrance" last week.

One the monuments and memorials along Sturt Street recognises a senior First World War leader who commanded the 7th Battalion at Gallipoli and the 15th Brigade at the Western Front.

Harold 'Pompey' Elliott attended Ballarat College (now Ballarat and Clarendon College) from 1885 and shortly after began military service.

Former Australian Defence Force General Peter Cosgrove helped unveil the statue created by artist Louis Laumen in May 2011.

Sir Albert Coates

This memorial tells the tale of Sir Albert Coates and provides an excellent example of contemporary statuary and commemorates Albert Coates, a doctor who was a Prisoner of War of the Japanese during World War Two.

He became a prisoner of the Japanese and in May 1942 was sent to Burma. Conditions were deplorable, the treatment brutal, and the death rate enormous. In 1944 he became responsible for a major prisoners’ hospital in Thailand.

After the war Coates returned to Melbourne and resumed his distinguished medical career. In 1953 he was made a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, and in 1955 received a knighthood.

Peter Lalor
The hero of Eureka

In Sturt Street, between St Andrew's Kirk and St Patrick's Cathedral stands an impressive monument, fashioned in pink granite and bronze. The figure of Peter Lalor is mounted high in the air looking to the east to the diggings where the stockade was located. If he could open his eyes today he would see the huge mast and flag above the Eureka Interpretive Centre. He is dressed in his Speaker's wig and parliamentary robes which cover the stump of his missing arm.

The bronze relief tablets mounted around the base tell the Eureka story.

The south and north panels depict tableaus of Peter Lalor's life, a battle scene in the Eureka Stockade with the Eureka flag flying above and as a member of Parliament.

The western tablet is a memorial to the men (named) who were killed while fighting at The Eureka Stockade, December 3rd, 1854.

Memorial to Australian forces involved in these conflicts:
* Korean War 1950-53
* The Malayan Emergency 1950-60
* Borneo Uprising 1962-64
* Vietnam War 1962-72

A walk along Sturt Street is a great way to get a sense of the story of Ballarat with many good food or coffee shops along the way.

Sturt Street was named after a Police Magistrate who was the brother of explorer Charles Sturt.

The Queen Alexandra Bandstand
in the background and in the foreground,
the back of the statue of
Harold 'Pompey' Elliot

The Alexandra Bandstand is a typical and well resolved example of creative bandstand design; its polygonal form surmounted by a "Moorish" onion dome is representative of bandstands of this period. The bandstand has particularly fine wrought iron detailing incorporating musical motifs and is an important and exotic element of the streetscape of Sturt Street.

Built in 1908 during the heyday of the band movement, it is now one of the few remaining examples of bandstands in Victoria. It serves as a tangible reminder of a highly popular form of entertainment, prominent on the community agenda for many years. The construction of the bandstand and its survival until now also reflects the prominence of music in Ballarat's cultural and civic identity.

There are many more statue's and monuments to discover as you wander along Sturt Street in Ballarat. The above is just a small sample of what you will see!


Ballarat Regional Tourism
43 Lydiard St, Ballarat.

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